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Alkynes are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The general formula for alkynes with one triple bond is CnH2n-2. The simplest alkyne is ethyne, also known as acetylene, with the formula C2H2. In alkynes, the carbon atoms involved in the triple bond are sp hybridized, resulting in a linear geometry around these carbons. This triple bond consists of one sigma bond and two pi bonds.

The presence of the triple bond makes alkynes highly reactive. They readily undergo addition reactions, where atoms or groups of atoms are added across the triple bond. Common addition reactions include hydrogenation, halogenation, and hydrohalogenation. These reactions can proceed stepwise, first saturating one pi bond and then the other.

Alkynes are found in various industrial applications. Acetylene, for instance, is used in welding due to the high temperature it produces when burned with oxygen. Some alkynes are also used as starting materials in the synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and other organic compounds. The acidity of the terminal alkynes (those with a triple bond at the end of a carbon chain) is notable, allowing them to react with strong bases to form acetylides, which are useful intermediates in organic synthesis.