aldoszteront

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. It belongs to the mineralocorticoid class of hormones and is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, located on top of the kidneys.

The primary function of aldosterone is to increase the reabsorption of sodium ions from the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys. This sodium reabsorption is accompanied by the passive movement of water, leading to an increase in blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure. Aldosterone also promotes the secretion of potassium ions into the urine, helping to maintain potassium homeostasis.

The release of aldosterone is primarily controlled by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). When blood pressure drops or sodium levels are low, the kidneys release renin, an enzyme that initiates a cascade of reactions leading to the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II then stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone. Elevated potassium levels can also directly stimulate aldosterone release.

Disruptions in aldosterone production or action can lead to significant health issues. Conditions like hyperaldosteronism (excess aldosterone) can cause high blood pressure, low potassium levels (hypokalemia), and muscle weakness. Conversely, hypoaldosteronism (insufficient aldosterone) can result in low blood pressure, high potassium levels (hyperkalemia), and salt craving. Aldosterone's importance in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance makes it a vital hormone for survival.