alapállapotához

Alapállapotához, also known as the "state of nature" or "original condition," is a concept in political philosophy that refers to the hypothetical condition of human beings before the establishment of government and laws. This term was popularized by John Locke in his work "Two Treatises of Government."

In the state of nature, Locke argued, individuals possess certain natural rights, including life, liberty, and property. These rights are inherent and cannot be taken away by any government or authority. However, Locke also acknowledged that the state of nature is not a peaceful or harmonious condition. Due to the absence of a central authority, individuals are in a constant state of self-interest and conflict, leading to what he termed the "war of all against all."

To escape this undesirable condition, Locke proposed that individuals enter into a social contract, agreeing to establish a government and submit to its authority in exchange for protection of their natural rights. This contract creates the basis for civil society and the rule of law.

The concept of alapállapotához has been influential in the development of modern political thought, shaping ideas about natural rights, the social contract, and the role of government. However, it has also been criticized for its idealized portrayal of the state of nature and its assumption that all individuals would willingly enter into a social contract.