adverbiaalitekijöitä

Adverbiaalitekijät, known in English as adverbial elements or adjuncts, are sentence constituents that provide additional information about the circumstances of an event or state. They modify the verb, adjective, or another adverb, answering questions such as when, where, how, why, or to what extent.

In Finnish grammar, adverbialitekijät are often expressed by adverbs, adverbial phrases, or subordinate clauses. They are not essential to the core meaning of the sentence; the sentence can still be grammatically correct and convey its main idea without them. For instance, in the sentence "Hän juoksi nopeasti" (He ran quickly), "nopeasti" is an adverbialitekijä indicating how he ran. If removed, "Hän juoksi" (He ran) remains a complete sentence.

Common types of adverbialitekijät include those of time (e.g., eilen - yesterday), place (e.g., täällä - here), manner (e.g., hiljaa - quietly), cause (e.g., siksi - therefore), purpose (e.g., oppiakseen - in order to learn), and degree (e.g., erittäin - very). They contribute to the richness and specificity of communication, allowing speakers and writers to elaborate on the context and details of their statements. Their flexible placement within a sentence can also affect emphasis and flow.