adszorpciója

Adszorpciója, also known as adsorption, is a surface phenomenon where atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid adhere to a surface. This process creates a film of the adsorbate on the surface of the adsorbent. Adsorption is distinct from absorption, where a substance diffuses into a liquid or solid to form a solution.

The driving force behind adsorption is the reduction of the overall system's Gibbs free energy, which can be attributed to the exothermic nature of the process. Factors influencing adsorption include the nature of the adsorbent and adsorbate, temperature, pressure, and the presence of other substances.

Adsorption is a crucial process in various fields, including catalysis, where it enhances reaction rates by providing a larger surface area for reactants to interact. It is also employed in gas purification, where impurities are removed by adsorbing onto a solid material. Additionally, adsorption plays a significant role in environmental science, such as in the removal of pollutants from water and air.

There are different types of adsorption, including physisorption, where weak van der Waals forces are involved, and chemisorption, which involves stronger chemical bonding. The adsorption isotherm, a graph plotting the amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent versus pressure or concentration at a constant temperature, is a key tool in studying adsorption processes.