adenyylaattikiinasta

Adenyylaattikiinaasi, also known as adenylyl cyclase, is an enzyme crucial for intracellular signal transduction. It catalyzes the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). cAMP acts as a second messenger, mediating the effects of various hormones and neurotransmitters.

There are multiple isoforms of adenylyl cyclase, each with different regulatory properties and tissue distributions. These enzymes are typically activated by G protein-coupled receptors. Upon stimulation by an extracellular signal, the associated G protein exchanges GDP for GTP and then activates adenylyl cyclase, leading to increased cAMP production. Conversely, inhibitory G proteins can suppress adenylyl cyclase activity.

The cAMP produced by adenylyl cyclase then activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates a wide range of target proteins, influencing diverse cellular processes such as metabolism, gene expression, ion channel activity, and cell growth. The precise role of adenylyl cyclase and its downstream effects depend heavily on the specific cell type and the signaling pathways involved. Dysfunction of adenylyl cyclase or its regulatory components can contribute to various diseases.