aciltransferases

Acyltransferases are a type of enzyme that catalyze the transfer of an acyl group from one molecule to another. An acyl group is a functional group derived from a carboxylic acid by removal of the hydroxyl group. This reaction is a form of acyl transfer. Acyltransferases play crucial roles in numerous biological processes, including lipid metabolism, protein modification, and signal transduction. They are a subclass of transferase enzymes, classified under EC 2.3.1 in the enzyme nomenclature. These enzymes typically require a cofactor, often coenzyme A (CoA), to carry the acyl group before it is transferred. For example, acetyl-CoA is a common acyl donor in many reactions catalyzed by acyltransferases, such as the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol esters. The acceptor molecule can be a wide variety of substrates, including alcohols, amines, and thiols. The specificity of an acyltransferase for its acyl donor and acceptor determines its particular biochemical function. Defects in acyltransferase activity can lead to various metabolic disorders. Research into acyltransferases is ongoing, with a focus on understanding their mechanisms, regulation, and potential therapeutic applications.