acetýlCoA

Acetyl-CoA is a molecule that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and serves as a central hub for energy production. The "acetyl" part refers to a two-carbon acetyl group, and "CoA" stands for coenzyme A, a water-soluble vitamin derivative. This molecule is formed primarily during the breakdown of pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, in a process called pyruvate oxidation. It can also be generated from the breakdown of fatty acids through beta-oxidation and from the catabolism of certain amino acids.

The main function of acetyl-CoA is to enter the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle. Within this cycle, the acetyl group is further oxidized, releasing electrons that are used to generate ATP, the cell's primary energy currency, and reduced electron carriers like NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers then proceed to the electron transport chain, where the majority of ATP is produced. Acetyl-CoA is also a precursor for the synthesis of various important molecules, including fatty acids, cholesterol, and ketone bodies. Its central position in metabolism makes it a vital link between different metabolic pathways, ensuring the efficient extraction and utilization of energy from food.