acetaaldehyde

Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is the two-carbon aldehyde with the formula CH3CHO. It is a colorless, volatile compound with a characteristic fruity odor and is an important intermediate in organic synthesis. It has a boiling point of about -20 °C and a melting point around -123 °C, and it is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

Natural occurrence and production: Acetaldehyde occurs in small amounts in ripe fruit, coffee, and fermented beverages, and is produced in metabolism of alcohol in living organisms. Industrially, it is mainly produced by catalytic oxidation of ethanol or by partial oxidation of ethylene (the Sohio process), sometimes followed by purification to remove traces of water and byproducts.

Uses and applications: It serves as a versatile chemical intermediate for the production of acetic acid, ethyl acetate, and various esters, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals. It is also employed as a solvent and as a reagent in diverse organic synthesis routes.

Safety and handling: Acetaldehyde is flammable and toxic. Inhalation, ingestion, or dermal exposure can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and higher exposures can cause more serious health effects. Chronic exposure has been studied for carcinogenic risk, and regulatory guidelines govern occupational exposure limits. Proper ventilation, containment, and personal protective equipment are recommended when handling acetaldehyde, and it should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and strong oxidizers.