Vérképzdés

Vérképzdés, also known as blood typing or blood grouping, is a method of classifying blood based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens are typically proteins or carbohydrates. The most common and clinically significant blood typing system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. Type A blood has A antigens, Type B has B antigens, Type AB has both A and B antigens, and Type O has neither A nor B antigens.

Another important blood group system is the Rh system, which determines if an individual is Rh-positive or Rh-negative based on the presence or absence of the RhD antigen. Most people are Rh-positive. Combining the ABO and Rh systems results in eight common blood types: A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-.

Vérképzdés is crucial for safe blood transfusions. If a person receives blood with antigens that their immune system recognizes as foreign, it can trigger a severe immune response, leading to a transfusion reaction. Therefore, it is essential to match the donor's blood type with the recipient's to prevent such complications. Blood typing is also used in forensic science, paternity testing, and in diagnosing certain medical conditions. The process typically involves taking a blood sample and testing it with antibodies that react to specific antigens.