Veriryhmägeenien

Veriryhmägeenit refer to the genes responsible for determining an individual's blood type. The most well-known and clinically significant blood group system is the ABO system, which is controlled by a single gene located on chromosome 9. This gene has three common alleles: A, B, and O. The A and B alleles are codominant, meaning that if both are present, both traits are expressed. The O allele is recessive to both A and B. Therefore, individuals can have one of six genotypes: AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, or OO. These genotypes result in four possible phenotypes, or blood types: A, B, AB, and O. A person with type A blood has A antigens on their red blood cells, type B has B antigens, type AB has both A and B antigens, and type O has neither.

Another important blood group system is the Rh system, primarily determined by the RHD gene. The presence or absence of the RhD antigen on red blood cells leads to Rh-positive or Rh-negative blood types. The RHD gene is also located on chromosome 1. Unlike the ABO system, the Rh system is largely determined by a single dominant allele (Rh-positive) and a recessive allele (Rh-negative). Individuals who are Rh-negative lack the RhD antigen. This distinction is crucial in blood transfusions and during pregnancy, as incompatibility can lead to serious complications. Variations in these veriryhmägeenit contribute to the diversity of blood types found in human populations.