Venkelolie

Venkelolie, or fennel oil, is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the dried seeds of Foeniculum vulgare, a member of the carrot family native to the Mediterranean region. The oil is pale yellow to amber and has a sweet, licorice-like aroma reminiscent of fennel. It is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages and as a component in cosmetics and perfumes.

Chemical composition varies, but the dominant compound is trans-anethole, followed by fenchone, estragole, limonene, and other terpenes. The relative amounts depend on plant chemotype, geography, harvest time, and distillation method. These constituents contribute to the oil's aroma and flavor and may influence its topical or systemic effects described in traditional use.

In culinary contexts, fennel oil provides a strong fennel flavor and is used in liqueurs, confectionery, baked goods, and as a flavoring in beverages. In cosmetics and perfumery it serves as a fragrance and fixative. In traditional medicine it has been used as a carminative and digestive aid, though scientific evidence for such uses varies.

Safety and handling: fennel oil is potent and should be diluted in a carrier oil for topical use. Ingestion or high-dose exposure may cause adverse reactions, including skin irritation or hormonal effects in sensitive individuals. People who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or who have hormone-sensitive conditions, should consult a professional before using fennel oil.

Storage and regulation: store in a cool, dark place in a tightly closed container away from heat and light. In many jurisdictions fennel oil is regulated as a flavoring or fragrance ingredient, and quality products provide purity data (such as GC-MS) and safety information for consumers and manufacturers.