Varastotärkkelys

Varastotärkkelys refers to the carbohydrate reserves stored within plants, primarily in the form of starch. This stored starch serves as a crucial energy source for the plant, particularly during periods when photosynthesis is limited, such as at night or during unfavorable growing conditions. It is typically found in storage organs like roots, tubers, seeds, and fruits.

The synthesis of starch, a polysaccharide composed of glucose units, occurs through a process called starch synthesis, which involves enzymes that link glucose molecules together. When the plant requires energy, starch is broken down into glucose through a process known as starch degradation. This glucose can then be used for immediate cellular respiration or transported to other parts of the plant for growth and maintenance.

The composition of varastotärkkelys can vary, with two main components: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear polymer, while amylopectin is a branched polymer. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin influences the physical properties of the starch, such as its solubility and gelatinization temperature. In agriculture and food industries, varastotärkkelys from various plant sources, like potatoes, corn, and wheat, is extracted and utilized for a wide range of applications, including food thickening, paper manufacturing, and biodegradable plastics.