Ultraäänihäiriömittaus

Ultraäänihäiriömittaus, also known as ultrasonic anomaly detection or ultrasonic defect detection, is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method used to identify internal flaws or anomalies within materials and structures. This technique utilizes ultrasonic waves to probe the material.

The principle behind ultraäänihäiriömittaus involves transmitting high-frequency sound waves into the material being inspected. These waves travel through the material until they encounter a boundary, such as the opposite surface or a discontinuity like a crack, void, or inclusion. When the ultrasonic waves encounter such a change in acoustic impedance, a portion of the energy is reflected back towards a transducer.

The transducer, which initially sent the ultrasonic pulse, then receives these reflected waves, known as echoes. The time it takes for the echo to return and its amplitude provide information about the location and size of the anomaly. By analyzing these echoes, trained technicians can determine the presence, depth, and sometimes even the nature of internal defects without damaging the material.

Common applications of ultraäänihäiriömittaus include quality control in manufacturing, inspection of welds, assessment of structural integrity in bridges and buildings, and examination of components in the aerospace and automotive industries. It is a versatile technique due to its ability to detect a wide range of internal flaws and its penetration capabilities in various materials like metals, plastics, and composites. The interpretation of the results requires expertise to distinguish between legitimate indications and background noise or geometric features.