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UVVis absorption is a technique used to measure how much light a substance absorbs at specific wavelengths in the ultraviolet and visible parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. This absorption is typically quantified by absorbance values. Absorbance is a logarithmic measure of the fraction of light that is absorbed by a sample. A higher absorbance value indicates that more light is being absorbed by the substance at that particular wavelength.

The Beer-Lambert law is a fundamental principle that relates absorbance to the concentration of the absorbing species and the path length of the light through the sample. It states that absorbance is directly proportional to both concentration and path length, assuming a constant molar absorptivity. Therefore, by measuring the absorbance of a sample at a specific wavelength, one can determine the concentration of the analyte, provided its molar absorptivity is known.

UVVis absorption is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. In chemistry, it's employed for quantitative analysis, identifying unknown compounds, and studying reaction kinetics. In biology, it's used to determine the concentration of proteins and nucleic acids. Environmental scientists utilize UVVis spectroscopy to monitor pollutants in water and air. The specific wavelength at which a substance exhibits maximum absorbance, known as the wavelength of maximum absorbance (λmax), is a characteristic property that can aid in compound identification. The range of absorbance values observed can vary significantly depending on the substance and its concentration.