Tyhjiöpumpu

Tyhjiöpumpu, also known as a vacuum pump, is a device used to create a vacuum, or a low-pressure environment. It operates by removing gas molecules from a sealed volume, thereby reducing the pressure inside. There are several types of vacuum pumps, each suited to different applications and pressure ranges. Mechanical vacuum pumps, such as rotary vane pumps and reciprocating pumps, use mechanical action to compress and expel gas molecules. They are effective for pressures down to about 10^-2 mbar. For lower pressures, molecular pumps and diffusion pumps are used. Molecular pumps rely on the momentum transfer between gas molecules and a moving surface, while diffusion pumps use a high-speed jet of gas to carry away molecules. Cryogenic pumps, which use extremely low temperatures to freeze and remove gas molecules, can achieve ultra-high vacuum conditions, down to 10^-11 mbar or lower. Vacuum pumps are essential in various fields, including manufacturing, scientific research, and space exploration, where they are used for processes such as thin-film deposition, semiconductor fabrication, and satellite testing.