Turvemaa

Turvemaa is a Finnish term that translates to "peatland" or "mire." It refers to areas of land characterized by the accumulation of peat, which is partially decayed organic matter, primarily mosses, sedges, and other vegetation, that has formed in waterlogged or saturated conditions. These environments are typically acidic and low in nutrients.

Peatlands are diverse ecosystems found across Finland and other northern regions. They encompass various types of wetlands, including bogs (rahka), fens (neva), and transitional mires (lettu) all of which are collectively known as turvemaa. Bogs are ombrotrophic, meaning they receive their water and nutrients primarily from precipitation. Fens, on the other hand, are minerotrophic, receiving water and nutrients from groundwater or surface runoff, leading to a richer flora.

Historically, turvemaa has played a significant role in Finland's landscape and economy. Peat extraction has been a source of fuel, particularly for heating and electricity generation, although its use is declining due to environmental concerns. Peatlands also serve crucial ecological functions, acting as important carbon sinks, regulating water cycles, and supporting unique biodiversity, including specialized plant and animal species adapted to these challenging conditions. Conservation efforts are in place to protect these valuable natural resources.