Tsütoplasm

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. It is enclosed by the cell membrane and, in eukaryotic cells, by the nuclear envelope. Cytoplasm consists of cytosol, which is the fluid portion, and the organelles suspended within it.

The cytosol is primarily composed of water, salts, and organic molecules. It serves as the medium for many biochemical reactions, including glycolysis. Within the cytoplasm, various organelles perform specific functions. These include the nucleus, which contains the cell's genetic material; mitochondria, responsible for energy production; ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis; and the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which are part of the cell's protein and lipid processing and transport system.

In prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, the cytoplasm contains the genetic material in a region called the nucleoid, along with ribosomes and other essential molecules. The cytoplasm plays a vital role in maintaining cell shape, facilitating cell movement, and enabling intracellular transport. It is a dynamic environment where numerous life-sustaining processes occur.