Tsirkuitvõrguna

Tsirkuitvõrguna, or circuit network, is a term used to describe a network topology where a dedicated physical connection is established for the duration of a communication session between two endpoints. Unlike packet-switched networks, where data is broken into packets and routed independently through various paths, a circuit network establishes a single, continuous path for the entire communication. This path is reserved and dedicated exclusively to that session, ensuring guaranteed bandwidth and low latency.

The primary characteristic of a circuit network is its connection-oriented nature. Before any data can be transmitted, a circuit must be set up, which involves establishing a route and allocating resources along that route. Once the session is complete, the circuit is torn down, releasing the resources for other potential connections. This process is analogous to a telephone call, where a dedicated line is established between two callers for the duration of their conversation.

Historically, circuit switching was the dominant technology in telecommunications, notably used in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). Early computer networks also utilized circuit-switching principles. While packet switching has largely superseded circuit switching in modern data networks due to its efficiency and flexibility, circuit-switched technologies still find applications in specific scenarios requiring guaranteed quality of service, such as certain high-definition video conferencing or real-time industrial control systems. The predictability and constant availability of bandwidth are key advantages in these niche applications.