Transzlációt

Transzlációt refers to the process of translation in molecular biology, specifically the synthesis of proteins from messenger RNA (mRNA). This fundamental biological process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, within specialized organelles called ribosomes.

The mRNA molecule carries the genetic code, transcribed from DNA, in the form of codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides. During translation, ribosomes bind to the mRNA and read these codons sequentially. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules act as adaptors, each carrying a specific amino acid and possessing an anticodon that is complementary to a particular mRNA codon.

As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, tRNAs bring their corresponding amino acids to the ribosome. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between these amino acids, linking them together in the order dictated by the mRNA sequence. This growing chain of amino acids folds into a specific three-dimensional structure, forming a functional protein. The process continues until a stop codon is encountered on the mRNA, signaling the termination of protein synthesis. This precise decoding of genetic information into functional proteins is essential for virtually all cellular activities.