Toisiovälittäjäaineisiin
Toisiovälittäjäaineisiin, known in English as secondary messengers, are intracellular signaling molecules. They are released by cells in response to stimuli that trigger a signal transduction pathway. These molecules amplify the signal received from a primary messenger, such as a hormone or neurotransmitter, which binds to a cell surface receptor. The primary messenger itself does not typically enter the cell.
Once a primary messenger binds to its receptor, it initiates a cascade of events. This often involves
These secondary messengers then diffuse throughout the cytoplasm, acting on various cellular targets. These targets can