Titrálást

Titrálást is a quantitative chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of a solute in a solution. It involves the gradual addition of a solution of known concentration, called the titrant, to a solution of unknown concentration, called the analyte, until the reaction between them is just complete. This point of completion is known as the equivalence point. Often, a visual indicator is used to signal a noticeable change, such as a color change, at or very near the equivalence point, referred to as the endpoint. The volume of titrant added to reach the endpoint is then used to calculate the concentration of the analyte.

Various types of titrations exist, depending on the nature of the reaction involved. Acid-base titrations are common, where an acid is titrated with a base or vice versa. Redox titrations involve oxidation-reduction reactions. Precipitation titrations form an insoluble product, and complexometric titrations form a complex ion.

The process requires careful control of the addition of the titrant, typically done using a burette, to ensure accurate measurement of the volume. The stoichiometry of the reaction between the titrant and analyte is crucial for accurate calculations. Titration is a fundamental technique in analytical chemistry, widely used in laboratories for quality control, research, and various industrial applications.