TiPO4

TiPO4 is a designation used for titanium phosphate materials, but it does not refer to a single universally defined compound. In practice, titanium phosphates encompass a family of related solids that include orthophosphates, pyrophosphates, and hydrated derivatives. Because of this, the exact stoichiometry and structure of TiPO4 can vary between preparations and reports. Broadly, these materials feature networks built from TiO6 octahedra linked by PO4 tetrahedra, with titanium typically in the +4 oxidation state and phosphorus in the +5 state.

Synthesis and structure can be accomplished by combining titanium sources (such as titanium oxides or salts) with phosphating agents (for example phosphoric acid) under hydrothermal, solvothermal, or high-temperature solid-state conditions. Hydration level, temperature, and pH strongly influence which phase forms and the degree of polymerization of the phosphate groups. Some reports describe an anhydrous orthophosphate phase designated as TiPO4, though the exact composition and crystallography can depend on synthesis routes and may coexist with related titanium phosphate phases.

Properties of titanium phosphates are typically that they are insoluble in water and common acids and bases, with considerable thermal stability in solid form. Due to their structural features, these materials are explored for applications such as catalyst supports, ion-exchange materials, adsorbents, and, in some instances, precursors or components in ceramic or electrochemical systems. Specific performance is highly phase-dependent, so exact properties should be confirmed for the particular TiPO4 phase of interest. See also TiP2O7 and hydrated titanium phosphates for related chemistry.