Tetrahydrofuran

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a heterocyclic ether with a five-membered ring containing four carbon atoms and one oxygen. Its chemical formula is C4H8O. THF is a colorless, volatile liquid that is highly flammable and miscible with water and many organic solvents. Its boiling point is about 66°C.

Industrial THF is produced on a large scale by catalytic hydrogenation of furan or furfural derivatives derived from biomass. It is typically stabilized with antioxidants such as BHT to prevent peroxide formation during storage.

THF is a versatile solvent used in polymer chemistry and organometallic synthesis. It stabilizes Grignard reagents and serves as a precursor to poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG), which is used in polyurethane foams and coatings. It is also employed in the manufacture of adhesives, coatings, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Safety and handling: THF is highly flammable and forms peroxides when exposed to air and light; peroxide levels increase with time and improper storage. It should be stored in tightly closed containers, away from heat and oxidizers, with stabilizers present, and handled with adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment. Regular testing for peroxides is recommended for aged stocks, and proper disposal or quenching procedures should be followed if peroxides are detected.