TBC1D5

TBC1D5, also known as TBC1 domain family member 5, is a protein encoded by the TBC1D5 gene. It is a member of the TBC domain family, which are characterized by a conserved TBC (TBC1 domain) motif. This protein is involved in various cellular processes, including endosomal trafficking and autophagy.

TBC1D5 functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rab GTPases. GAPs are proteins that regulate the activity of GTPases, which are molecular switches involved in a multitude of cellular functions. Specifically, TBC1D5 is known to activate Rab7 and Rab29, key players in the late endosomal pathway and autophagy. By stimulating the GTP hydrolysis of these Rab proteins, TBC1D5 promotes their transition to an inactive GDP-bound state, thereby controlling their downstream effects.

Dysregulation of TBC1D5 has been implicated in several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in endosomal trafficking and autophagy are common features of these conditions, and TBC1D5's role in these pathways suggests its involvement. Research continues to explore the precise mechanisms by which TBC1D5 contributes to cellular health and disease.