Süsinikuringluse

Süsinikuringluse is the Estonian term for the carbon cycle. It describes the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. This cycle is crucial for life on Earth, as carbon is a fundamental building block of organic molecules. The carbon cycle involves a series of processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, combustion, and geological processes.

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and convert it into organic compounds during photosynthesis. When organisms respire, they release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Decomposition of dead organic matter by microorganisms also releases carbon, often as carbon dioxide or methane. The burning of fossil fuels and biomass, known as combustion, is a significant human-induced process that rapidly releases large amounts of stored carbon into the atmosphere.

Geological processes, such as volcanic activity and the weathering of rocks, also contribute to the long-term carbon cycle. Carbon is stored in various reservoirs, including the atmosphere (as CO2 and methane), oceans, land biomass, soils, and fossil fuels. Fluctuations in these reservoirs and the rates of exchange between them can significantly impact Earth's climate. Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have accelerated the release of carbon into the atmosphere, leading to increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and contributing to global warming. Understanding the süsinikuringluse is essential for addressing climate change and ensuring the sustainability of Earth's ecosystems.