SäureBaseTheorie

The Brønsted-Lowry theory, also known as the acid-base theory, is a chemical theory that describes acid-base reactions. An acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction, while a base is a substance that accepts a proton. This theory was proposed independently by Danish chemist Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and English chemist Thomas Martin Lowry in 1923.

The theory is based on the concept of a proton (H+), which is a bare nucleus of a hydrogen atom. An acid-base reaction occurs when an acid transfers a proton to a base. The Brønsted-Lowry theory is more general than the older Arrhenius theory, which defines acids as substances that dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+) and bases as substances that dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).

The Brønsted-Lowry theory can be applied to a wide range of chemical reactions, not just those involving water. It is also useful in understanding the behavior of acids and bases in non-aqueous solvents. The theory has been widely accepted and is fundamental to understanding many chemical reactions and equilibria.

The Lewis theory of acids and bases is another important theory that complements the Brønsted-Lowry theory. While the Brønsted-Lowry theory focuses on proton transfer, the Lewis theory defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as electron pair donors. This theory is useful for understanding the behavior of acids and bases in reactions that do not involve proton transfer.