Stärkepolysaccharide

Stärkepolysaccharide, commonly referred to as starch, are complex carbohydrates found in plants. They serve as the primary form of energy storage in seeds, roots, and tubers. Starch is a polymer composed of glucose units linked together. Structurally, starch consists of two main components: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear chain of glucose molecules, while amylopectin is a branched polymer of glucose. The ratio of amylose to amylopectin varies depending on the plant source and affects the physical properties of the starch, such as its gelatinization temperature and texture.

Common sources of starch include corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice. In the human diet, starch is a significant source of energy, as it is broken down into glucose through digestion. This glucose is then absorbed into the bloodstream and used by cells for metabolic processes. Starch also plays a vital role in various industries. In the food industry, it is used as a thickener, stabilizer, and texturizer in products like sauces, baked goods, and processed foods. In the paper industry, starch is used as a binder and sizing agent to improve paper strength and printability. It also finds applications in textiles, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. The processing of starch can involve physical modifications, such as grinding or heating, and chemical modifications to alter its properties for specific applications.