Streptokinasin

Streptokinase is a protein produced by certain strains of streptococci bacteria. It belongs to a class of enzymes called fibrinolytics, which means it can break down fibrin, a protein that forms the meshwork of blood clots. This property makes streptokinase a valuable therapeutic agent in medicine.

Historically, streptokinase was one of the first thrombolytic drugs developed for dissolving blood clots in conditions such as myocardial infarction (heart attack) and pulmonary embolism. When administered intravenously, it binds to plasminogen, a precursor molecule, activating it to form plasmin. Plasmin then degrades fibrin, thereby dissolving the clot and restoring blood flow.

Despite its effectiveness, the use of streptokinase has declined in some regions due to the availability of newer, more specific thrombolytic agents. These newer drugs, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), are often preferred because they have a lower risk of causing systemic bleeding. However, streptokinase remains a cost-effective option and is still used in some healthcare settings, particularly in countries with limited resources. Allergic reactions can occur due to its bacterial origin, and patients can develop antibodies against it, reducing its efficacy in subsequent treatments.