Stoïkiomeetrilisi

Stoïkiomeetrilisi refers to the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction, as dictated by the balanced chemical equation. The term originates from the Greek words "stoicheion" (element) and "metron" (measure). Stoichiometry allows chemists to predict the amount of product that can be formed from a given amount of reactant, or conversely, the amount of reactant required to produce a specific amount of product.

At the heart of stoichiometry is the mole concept. A balanced chemical equation uses integer coefficients to represent the relative number of moles of each substance involved. For example, in the reaction 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O, the coefficients indicate that two moles of hydrogen gas react with one mole of oxygen gas to produce two moles of water. These coefficients are dimensionless ratios.

Using molar masses, these mole ratios can be converted into mass ratios, enabling calculations involving grams of substances. Key stoichiometric calculations include determining the theoretical yield of a reaction, which is the maximum amount of product that can be formed based on the limiting reactant. The limiting reactant is the one that is completely consumed first, thereby limiting the amount of product. Conversely, percent yield compares the actual amount of product obtained in an experiment to the theoretical yield. Understanding stoïkiomeetrilisi is fundamental for performing quantitative experiments and analyzing chemical processes.