Stimmbänder

Stimmbänder, also known as vocal cords, are two folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx, or voice box, in the throat. Their primary function is to close off the trachea, preventing food and liquid from entering the lungs during swallowing. However, they are most famously recognized for their role in sound production.

When we speak, sing, or make other vocal sounds, air from the lungs is expelled upwards. This air passes through the glottis, the opening between the vocal cords. As the air flows, it causes the vocal cords to vibrate. The frequency of these vibrations determines the pitch of the sound produced; faster vibrations result in higher pitches, and slower vibrations create lower pitches. The tension and length of the vocal cords can be adjusted by muscles in the larynx, allowing for a wide range of vocalizations.

The quality and timbre of a voice are influenced by the shape and size of the vocal cords, as well as the resonance cavities in the throat, mouth, and nasal passages. Conditions affecting the vocal cords, such as inflammation, nodules, or paralysis, can lead to changes in voice quality, hoarseness, or even loss of voice. Proper vocal hygiene, including adequate hydration and avoiding vocal strain, is important for maintaining the health of these delicate structures.