Spårform

Spårform, also known as track form or track geometry, refers to the precise alignment and shape of railway tracks. It is a critical aspect of railway engineering, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of trains. Spårform encompasses several key parameters, including the gauge, which is the distance between the inner edges of the two rails. The standard gauge varies across different railway systems worldwide. Another crucial element is the alignment, which describes the horizontal path of the track, including straight sections and curves. The cant, or superelevation, is the difference in height between the two rails on a curve, designed to counteract centrifugal force and allow trains to travel at higher speeds.

The vertical profile of the track, known as the level, refers to the height of the rails, which must be carefully maintained to avoid excessive gradients or undulations. The cross-section of the track, including the ballast, sleepers, and rails, also contributes to its overall stability and performance. Deviations from the ideal spårform can lead to increased wear and tear on rolling stock and track infrastructure, as well as a reduction in ride comfort and an increased risk of derailment. Regular monitoring and maintenance of spårform are therefore essential for railway operators. Various surveying techniques and automated track inspection systems are employed to measure and assess the condition of the track geometry.