Sigmoideafsnittet

Sigmoideafsnittet, also known as the sigmoid colon, is the S-shaped terminal part of the large intestine located in the lower abdomen. It connects the descending colon to the rectum and plays a vital role in the absorption of water and electrolytes, as well as the formation and storage of feces prior to defecation.

Anatomically, the sigmoideafsnittet is situated in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. It generally measures around 40 centimeters in length, though this can vary among individuals. The sigmoid colon features a segmental blood supply primarily derived from the sigmoid arteries, which branch from the inferior mesenteric artery. Its mobility is facilitated by the sigmoid mesocolon, a peritoneal fold attaching it to the pelvic wall.

Functionally, the sigmoid colon acts as a passageway for waste material and is involved in the process of storing fecal matter until it can be expelled through the anus. Its muscular wall contracts rhythmically to propel feces into the rectum, initiating defecation reflexes.

Clinically, the sigmoideafsnittet is a common site for various conditions such as diverticulitis, where pouches called diverticula form in the colon wall; inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis; and colorectal cancer. The sigmoid colon's accessibility makes it a frequent focus in diagnostic procedures such as sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, allowing for visual assessment and tissue sampling.

Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the sigmoideafsnittet is essential in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Its strategic location and functional importance underscore its relevance in both clinical and surgical contexts.