Semenogelin

Semenogelin is a protein that plays a significant role in the physiology of semen. It is primarily synthesized in the seminal vesicles and is a major component of seminal plasma, the fluid portion of semen. Semenogelin is a glycoprotein, meaning it is a protein with attached carbohydrate molecules. Its molecular structure allows it to form a gel-like matrix upon ejaculation, which contributes to the initial liquefaction properties of semen.

Following ejaculation, semenogelin undergoes a process called liquefaction, where the gel breaks down into a more fluid state. This liquefaction is crucial for sperm motility and their ability to travel through the female reproductive tract. Enzymes, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), are responsible for cleaving semenogelin and breaking down the gel. The precise mechanisms and regulation of semenogelin's role in semen liquefaction are areas of ongoing research.

In addition to its role in semen liquefaction, semenogelin has been investigated for other potential functions. Studies suggest it may contribute to immune modulation within the female reproductive tract and may also play a role in sperm capacitation, the process by which sperm become capable of fertilizing an egg. The protein's presence and concentration can vary between individuals, and certain abnormalities in semenogelin have been linked to fertility issues.