Schleimhautflüssigkeit

Schleimhautflüssigkeit, also known as mucosal fluid, is a clear to slightly translucent secretion produced by the epithelial cells lining mucous membranes throughout the body. Its chief function is to lubricate and protect the mucosal surfaces, such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urogenital tract, and the ocular surface. The fluid also contains a variety of substances that contribute to host defense, including lysozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin A, and various antimicrobial peptides. By trapping pathogens and debris, the mucosal fluid facilitates their removal via ciliary movement or peristalsis.

The composition of Schleimhautflüssigkeit varies depending on the site. In the respiratory tract, it is rich in mucins, which give the mucus a viscous consistency that traps inhaled particles. In contrast, the tear film in the eye contains a thin aqueous layer overlying a lipid layer that reduces evaporation. In the gastrointestinal tract, the mucus layer contains sialylated and sulfated mucins that form a protective barrier against digestive enzymes and bile salts.

Alterations in Schleimhautflüssigkeit can lead to clinical conditions. Thickened mucus is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, resulting in impaired clearance and recurrent infections. Reduced mucus production may contribute to dry eye syndrome or intestinal mucosal injury. Therapeutic approaches such as hydration, mucolytics, and artificial tear substitutes aim to restore normal mucosal fluid properties.