Schilddrüsenbestandteile

Schilddrüsenbestandteile refers to the various components that make up the thyroid gland and are essential for its proper functioning. The primary functional units of the thyroid are the follicles, which are small, spherical structures lined by follicular cells. These cells are responsible for synthesizing and secreting thyroid hormones. Within the follicular lumen, a colloid-rich substance is stored, which serves as a reserve of thyroid hormones and the precursor molecule thyroglobulin.

Besides follicular cells, the thyroid gland also contains parafollicular cells, also known as C-cells. These cells are interspersed between the follicles and produce calcitonin, a hormone that plays a role in calcium metabolism by lowering blood calcium levels. The thyroid gland is richly supplied with blood vessels, ensuring efficient transport of hormones into the bloodstream and delivery of necessary substances to the thyroid cells.

The production of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), involves the incorporation of iodine into tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin. This process is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is secreted by the pituitary gland. The synthesis, storage, and release of these hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. Disruptions in the structure or function of these thyroid components can lead to various thyroid disorders.