Sandpapers

Sandpaper is an abrasive material used to smooth, shape, or finish surfaces. It consists of abrasive grains bonded to a flexible backing and mounted on sheets, rolls, or other formats.

Backings include paper, cloth, or film. The grains are held in place by resins or glues that resist wear; stronger backings support heavier grit for material removal.

Grit size indicates the density of grains; lower numbers are coarser and remove material quickly, higher numbers are finer for finishing. Common ranges: coarse (P40–P80), medium (P120–P180), fine (P220–P320), very fine and finishing (P400–P2000). Wet/dry ratings indicate water resistance; wet sanding reduces dust and clogs.

Abrasive materials include aluminum oxide (durable for wood and metal); silicon carbide (sharper, ideal for hard surfaces and plastics); garnet (natural, cheaper); and ceramic aluminum oxide (high-performance for heavy use).

Formats include sheets, rolls, and discs; specialty forms include waterproof, non-woven pads, or sanding sponges. Sandpaper is used for removing paint, smoothing rough surfaces, seasoning wood, and preparing surfaces for finishes.

Safety and disposal: use protective eyewear and a dust mask; work in a ventilated area; detach or replace worn sheets; dispose according to local guidelines.