SQLException

SqlException is a type of exception that is thrown by the Microsoft .NET Framework's data provider for SQL Server. It represents errors that occur during the execution of a SQL statement against a SQL Server database. This exception is specific to the SQL Server provider and is not a general database exception.

When a SQL Server operation fails, the .NET data provider catches the error from SQL Server and wraps it within a SqlException object. This object contains detailed information about the error, including the SQL Server error number, the error message, the state of the connection, and the severity level of the error. This information is crucial for diagnosing and resolving issues related to database interactions.

Common scenarios that lead to a SqlException include invalid SQL syntax, attempting to access non-existent tables or columns, violations of database constraints (like primary key or foreign key constraints), insufficient permissions, or network connectivity problems between the application and the SQL Server.

Developers typically catch SqlException in their code to handle database errors gracefully. This might involve logging the error details for later analysis, providing informative messages to the user, or attempting to retry the operation. Examining the properties of the SqlException object, such as `Number`, `Message`, and `Class`, is essential for understanding the root cause of the problem. The `Errors` property, which is a collection of SqlError objects, can provide more granular details if multiple errors occurred simultaneously.

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