Sähköforeettiset

Sähköforeettiset is a Finnish term that translates to "electrokinetic" in English. It refers to a set of phenomena that occur when a fluid moves relative to a solid surface, or when an electric field is applied to a fluid in the presence of charged surfaces. These effects are driven by the interaction of electrical charges at the interface between the solid and the fluid.

One of the primary sähköforeettiset phenomena is the electrokinetic effect, which encompasses several related behaviors. These include electrophoresis, electroosmosis, streaming potential, and streaming current. Electrophoresis describes the movement of charged particles suspended in a fluid under the influence of an applied electric field. Electroosmosis, on the other hand, refers to the bulk movement of a fluid through a porous medium or capillary tube when an electric potential is applied across it. Streaming potential is generated when a fluid is forced to flow through a porous material or capillary, creating an electric potential difference. Conversely, streaming current is the electric current that flows as a result of this fluid flow.

The underlying principle behind these sähköforeettiset phenomena is the formation of an electrical double layer at the solid-fluid interface. This double layer consists of charges fixed on the solid surface and an opposing layer of counter-ions in the fluid. When an electric field is applied or fluid is in motion, these layers interact, leading to the observed electrokinetic behaviors. Sähköforeettiset effects have a wide range of applications in various fields, including microfluidics, chemical analysis, water treatment, and materials science. They are utilized in devices like capillary electrophoresis systems for separating molecules, in filters for removing contaminants, and in understanding surface properties of materials.