Retinojen

Retinojen is a term used in some languages to refer to retinoids, a class of compounds derived from vitamin A or that interact with vitamin A signaling. They include natural metabolites such as retinol (vitamin A alcohol), retinal (aldehyde) and retinoic acid, as well as synthetic analogs such as isotretinoin, adapalene and tazarotene. Retinoids act mainly by binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), regulating transcription of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis.

Functions of retinojen span several biological processes. In vision, retinal is a chromophore of rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells, enabling phototransduction. In development and tissue maintenance, retinoids influence cell fate decisions, affect skin and mucosal integrity, and modulate immune function.

Uses and applications vary by compound and formulation. Clinically, retinoids are used in dermatology (topical retinoids for acne and photoaging; systemic isotretinoin for severe cystic acne; tazarotene and adapalene for various skin conditions) and in oncology (all-trans retinoic acid for acute promyelocytic leukemia). Nutritionally, vitamin A deficiency impairs vision and immune defense, while excess retinoids can cause toxicity and are teratogenic in pregnancy.

Safety and regulation considerations include potential skin irritation and photosensitivity from topical retinoids, and the need for medical supervision with systemic retinoids. Proper use and dosing are important to balance benefits against risks.