Reticuloendoteliální

Reticuloendoteliální, often referred to as the reticuloendothelial system (RES) or mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), is a network of cells found throughout the body that are involved in the immune response and waste removal. These cells are primarily macrophages and monocytes, which are types of white blood cells. Macrophages are found in tissues and organs, while monocytes circulate in the bloodstream.

The RES plays a crucial role in defending the body against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. When foreign substances or cellular debris are detected, these cells engulf and digest them through a process called phagocytosis. This not only removes harmful agents but also breaks down old or damaged cells, contributing to tissue homeostasis.

Key locations where RES cells are abundant include the spleen, liver (as Kupffer cells), lymph nodes, bone marrow, and lungs. In the spleen, RES cells filter blood, removing aged red blood cells and microorganisms. In the liver, Kupffer cells are the primary phagocytic cells, clearing bacteria and other foreign particles from the blood returning from the digestive system. Lymph nodes are also sites where RES cells capture and destroy pathogens that enter the lymphatic system.

The reticuloendothelial system is thus a vital component of the innate immune system, providing a first line of defense against infection and maintaining the body's cellular health by clearing away waste products and damaged components. Its widespread distribution ensures comprehensive surveillance and rapid response throughout the organism.