Radiolääkeaineet

Radiolääkeaineet, also known as radiopharmaceuticals, are radioactive drugs used in medical imaging and therapy. They consist of a radioactive isotope (radionuclide) attached to a biologically active molecule. This molecule targets specific organs, tissues, or cells in the body, allowing the radionuclide to accumulate there. The emitted radiation is then detected by specialized scanners, such as PET or SPECT, to create images that reveal physiological processes and potential abnormalities.

In diagnostic imaging, radiolääkeaineet help visualize the function of organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys, or to detect the spread of cancer. For instance, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a common radiolääkeaine used in PET scans to identify metabolically active tumors. The choice of radionuclide and targeting molecule depends on the specific medical application.

Therapeutic radiolääkeaineet utilize the radioactive decay to damage or destroy diseased cells, particularly cancer cells. In this application, the radionuclide emits radiation that is absorbed by the targeted cells, leading to their death. Iodine-131 is a well-known example, used to treat thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. The radiation dose and delivery method are carefully controlled to maximize the effect on diseased cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Radiolääkeaineet require careful handling and storage due to their radioactive nature.