Radioisótopo

Radioisótopo is a term used to describe an atom with an unstable atomic nucleus. This instability causes the atom to undergo radioactive decay, emitting radiation in the form of particles or energy. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. When an isotope has an imbalance of protons and neutrons, it can become unstable and thus radioactive.

Radioactive decay is a natural process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation. This radiation can include alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, or neutrons. The rate at which a radioisótopo decays is measured by its half-life, which is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. Half-lives can vary greatly, from fractions of a second to billions of years.

Radioisótopos have numerous applications in various fields. In medicine, they are used in diagnostic imaging, such as PET scans and SPECT scans, to detect diseases. They are also used in radiation therapy to treat cancer. In industry, radioisótopos are employed for quality control, sterilization of medical equipment, and tracing the flow of materials. In scientific research, they serve as tracers to study chemical reactions and biological processes.

The study and use of radioisótopos are governed by strict safety regulations due to the potential health hazards associated with radiation exposure. Proper handling, storage, and disposal procedures are essential to minimize risks.