Röntgenfdiffrikció

Röntgenfdiffrikció, also known as X-ray diffraction (XRD), is a powerful analytical technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. When X-rays strike a crystalline material, they are scattered in specific directions. This scattering occurs because the X-rays interact with the regularly spaced atoms within the crystal lattice. The resulting pattern of diffracted X-rays is unique to the material's crystal structure.

The principle behind XRD is based on Bragg's Law, which relates the wavelength of the X-rays, the spacing between atomic planes in the crystal, and the angle at which diffraction occurs. By measuring the angles and intensities of the diffracted X-ray beams, scientists can deduce the arrangement of atoms within the crystal. This information includes lattice parameters, atomic positions, and even the presence of different crystalline phases.

XRD finds widespread applications across various scientific disciplines. In materials science, it is crucial for identifying unknown crystalline compounds, determining the purity of samples, and characterizing the properties of materials such as polymers, ceramics, and metals. In chemistry, it aids in the structure determination of new molecules and the study of chemical reactions. Furthermore, XRD plays a significant role in geology for identifying minerals, in pharmaceuticals for quality control of drug compounds, and in forensic science for analyzing trace evidence. The non-destructive nature of the technique makes it particularly valuable for studying precious or irreplaceable samples.