Põllumajanduse

Põllumajandus, meaning agriculture in Estonian, encompasses the cultivation of land and raising of livestock for food, fiber, and other products. It is a fundamental sector of the Estonian economy, with a long history dating back to ancient times. Historically, small-scale farming and self-sufficiency were dominant. Following periods of collectivization and the eventual regaining of independence, Estonian agriculture has undergone significant modernization and restructuring.

Key agricultural activities in Estonia include crop production, primarily grains such as wheat, barley, and rye, as well as rapeseed, potatoes, and vegetables. Dairy farming is also a prominent sector, contributing significantly to milk and dairy product supply. Livestock farming for meat, including beef and pork, is also practiced. The sector has seen increased investment in technology and sustainable practices, aiming to improve efficiency and reduce environmental impact.

Estonian agriculture benefits from its favorable climate and fertile soils in certain regions. Government support and European Union agricultural policies play a crucial role in shaping the sector's development, providing subsidies and promoting quality standards. The sector is important for rural development, providing employment opportunities and contributing to the preservation of the rural landscape and cultural heritage. Challenges include market fluctuations, competition, and the need for continuous adaptation to new technologies and environmental regulations.