Pumphüdroakumulatsioon

Pumphüdroakumulatsioon, often referred to as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, is a form of grid-scale energy storage. It involves two reservoirs at different elevations, connected by a tunnel or pipe. During times of low electricity demand and excess power generation, water is pumped from the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. This process stores potential energy in the elevated water. When demand for electricity increases, the stored water is released from the upper reservoir, flowing down through turbines to generate electricity, similar to conventional hydroelectric power plants.

The primary function of pumphüdroakumulatsioon is to balance fluctuations in electricity supply and demand. It is particularly useful for integrating intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, which can generate electricity inconsistently. By storing excess energy when these sources are producing more than is needed, and then releasing it when generation is low, pumphüdroakumulatsioon helps to stabilize the electricity grid.

The efficiency of pumphüdroakumulatsioon systems, considering the energy used for pumping and the energy generated, typically ranges from 70% to 85%. While there are energy losses in the process, the ability to store and dispatch large amounts of electricity makes it a valuable technology for grid reliability and the transition to cleaner energy systems. The construction of pumphüdroakumulatsioon facilities requires significant capital investment and careful consideration of environmental impacts.