Przenika

Przenika is a Polish verb meaning to permeate or to penetrate. It is used for both physical processes, where a substance passes through a barrier, and for figurative processes, such as ideas or emotions spreading through something. The noun form describing the process is przenikanie (permeation, penetration).

In science and everyday speech, przenikanie refers to diffusion or permeation through membranes or porous media. Examples include liquids or gases permeating through a barrier, or light and sound gradually penetrating through materials. In everyday language, a scent can permeate a room or a building.

In sociology and cultural analysis, przenikanie describes how ideas, values, or trends spread within a society or network. The term is also used in media studies to characterize the permeation of information across cultures or platforms.

Grammatical notes: przenikać is imperfective; the present tense form "przenika" corresponds to "it permeates" or "he/she permeates." The perfective counterpart is przeniknąć, used for completed penetrations, e.g., "przeniknie" (he will permeate), while past forms and other conjugations follow standard patterns of Polish verbs. Related noun: przenikanie.