Proboscisviruses

Proboscisviruses are a genus of viruses within the family Bornaviridae. These viruses are known for their unique transmission cycle, which involves the proboscis of insects, typically mosquitoes. The genus currently contains one species, the Avian Bornavirus 1 (ABV1), although research is ongoing and new viruses may be identified.

The characteristic feature of proboscisviruses is their ability to be transmitted mechanically through the act of an infected insect biting a host, specifically through its proboscis. This mode of transmission is distinct from many other viruses that rely on injection of saliva or direct contact. The virus replicates within the insect vector, and when the insect feeds on a suitable host, such as a bird, the virus can be introduced into the host's bloodstream or tissues.

Proboscisviruses are RNA viruses with a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome. Like other bornaviruses, they have a complex replication strategy within the host cell. Infection with proboscisviruses can lead to a range of clinical signs in susceptible hosts, though the severity and specific symptoms can vary. Further research is needed to fully understand the pathogenesis and epidemiological significance of this viral genus.