Preindictment

Preindictment refers to the period of time before a formal indictment is issued by a grand jury. This stage in the criminal justice process can involve investigations by law enforcement agencies, gathering evidence, and potentially interviewing witnesses. During preindictment, a suspect may be arrested, questioned, or have their property searched, all without formal charges being filed. The prosecution may be building a case to present to a grand jury.

A grand jury is a group of citizens who hear evidence presented by the prosecutor. If the grand jury believes there is sufficient evidence to believe a crime has been committed and that the accused committed it, they will issue an indictment, also known as a "true bill." This formal accusation then allows the case to proceed to trial. If the grand jury does not find sufficient evidence, they will issue a "no bill," and the charges are typically dropped.

The preindictment phase is crucial because it lays the groundwork for any subsequent legal proceedings. It is also a period where a suspect's rights are particularly important, as they may not yet have an attorney. The actions taken during this time can significantly impact the outcome of a criminal case. It is distinct from the arraignment, which occurs after an indictment has been handed down and the defendant is formally notified of the charges against them.