Preanalitika

Preanalitika refers to the phase of laboratory testing that occurs before the actual analytical testing of a sample. This critical stage encompasses all the steps taken from the moment a sample is collected until it is ready for analysis by a laboratory instrument or technician. The primary goal of preanalitika is to ensure the integrity and suitability of the sample for accurate and reliable testing.

Key processes within preanalitika include sample collection, which must be performed correctly to obtain a representative specimen. Following collection, proper sample labeling is essential to prevent mix-ups and ensure accurate patient identification. Sample transportation to the laboratory requires specific conditions, such as maintaining temperature or protection from light, to prevent degradation. Upon arrival, sample processing may involve centrifugation, aliquoting, or dilution to prepare the sample for the designated analytical test. Preanalitika also includes checks for sample volume, absence of clots or hemolysis, and adherence to storage requirements. Errors introduced during the preanalytical phase can significantly impact the accuracy of the final test results, leading to misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. Therefore, meticulous attention to detail and adherence to established protocols throughout preanalitika are paramount in laboratory diagnostics.